SOCIAL STUDIES OUTLINE: GRADE 8
TECHBOOK 2.1 and 2.2 COLONIES TAKE ROOT 1587-1752
Section 1: The First English Settlements
I. England Seeks Colonies
-Like most of ________________ in the Age of ____________________, England was a __________________. However, in England, the power of the king or queen ______________________ by ____________ and by a ________________________ body called __________________________.
-Ever since the _________, English law had limited the _______________. The king could _________ new ____________ only with ______________ ____________________. Still, the king’s __________________ were much ____________________ than those of ___________________________.
-England, like ___________, ______________, and _____________, began to __________________ colonies in North America in the late ______________. They were looking for ways to _______________________, and colonies would provide ___________
__________________ for English _________________ and important ________________________________ for English _______________.
-Two of the earliest English efforts to ______________________________ took place during the _____________. Both were set up on a small island off the _____________ of ______________________. The first colony at ______________________________ was established in ______________, but it was __________________________________ a year later.
-The second colony is one of the _________________________________ of __________________________. It was set up in ___________. The next year England found itself at __________ with ___________________. No ship was able to ________________ the _________________________ until _________________. By then the colony had ___________________ without a __________________________________.
II. Founding Jamestown
-In _________, a group of ____________ people made a new attempt to establish an ______________________ in North America. Eager to gain a ____________ of the ______________ of the Americas, they formed the _______________________________________________.
-Some hoped to discover ______________ or ______________; others expected to ____________ for ___________ with the Indians or plant ______________________ to grow grapes or ______________________ to grow silk.
-England’s _____________________ backed the project. The king granted the ________________ a charter to __________________ a colony called _________________________.
-The first _________________ arrived in _________________ in 1607 and set up colony called __________________________. It was England’s first ___________________________________________ in North America.
-_________________________ barely survived its first _______________. Many of the colonists caught _______________ such as _______________ and died. Others _________________ because they were not willing to do the ___________________ of __________________. The local people, led by a chief named ___________________, supplied some ______________ to the ________________, but it was not __________________________.
-By the __________________ of 1608, only _____________ of the original ____________________ were __________________.
-In the fall of _____________, _______________________ was sent from England to ____________ the ______________ run ______________. He drew up tough ____________________. Under __________________ firm ______________________, the _____________________ colonists cut up __________________, put up _________________________, and planted ___________________.
-Meanwhile ______________________ of new colonists ______________. To get more food, _____________ raided Native American ____________. This ___________________________ Powhatan.
-In the fall of _______________, ________________________ returned to ______________________ after being _________________________in an __________________. With ___________________ gone, conditions in _________________________ quickly ____________________ and so did _____________________ with the Native Americans.
-____________________________ decided it was time to _____________ the __________________ away. He __________________ to supply them with ______________. The ________________ of 1609-1610 is called the “______________________.” By the _________________ of 1610, only __________________ colonists were ____________________.
III. Jamestown Prospers
-During the hard _____________, the Virginia Company continued to send _________________ to Jamestown, even offering them ______________. Most importantly, it sent ____________________ from England to restore _____________________ in the colonies.
-The colonists began to grow _________________, and this proved to be a dependable cash crop, or _____________ of ________________. Farmers in Jamestown and nearby _________________ in Virginia began planting ____________ in 1612. By the early ____________, Virginia farmers were ____________ all the ________________ they could ________________.
-During these ___________, Virginia developed a ___________________ of ____________________. In 1619, Virginia’s law making body, the ____________________________, was elected and met for the first time.
-The House of ____________________ could make _____________ and set _____________. However, it shared ______________________ with Virginia’s appointed ______________ ___who could ___________ its acts.
-The House of __________________ marked the start of ______________ ___________________________ in North America.
-In the summer of 1619, a _____________________ ship brought the first ______________ to Virginia. Initially, __________________ had a chance to _______________________________ after working a number of years. Permanent _______________ for ______________ was not established in Virginia until the last part of the ____________________.
IV. The Plymouth Colony
-In England during the _____________, people could be punished for their ______________________________. In the 1530s, when _____________ declared himself the ______________ of the _______________________, everyone was expected to ______________ the ________________ of the __________________________________________.
-About the time Jamestown ______________________, a group of people left their homes in _________________________________ and settled in _____________________. They wanted to _________________________ from the Church _________________________ and practice Christianity in ___________________. These people, called _______________________, were often _____________________ because of their ________________.
-Between 1607 and __________, several groups of ___________________ settled in ___________________________. Although they were allowed to _____________________________, they were still not _______________.
-In __________, one group of ______________________ decided to leave ________________ and settle in ______________________. They are the people we know today as the _________________________.
-In September 1620, about ______________________ sailed for Virginia aboard a ship called the _________________. However, they were blown ________________, and landed in what today is ____________________. They called their new home ______________, after a port city in England.
-Before going ashore, __________________________ signed a document called the ______________________________. It called for a government that would make and follow “_______________________________” laws. Officeholders would be ________________________ by the colony’s ________________________________.
-The Mayflower Compact was the first ______________________ in which American colonists claimed _____________________________________.
-The __________________ had a very difficult first ________________ in _______________. They had arrived too late to _____________________ and did not have enough ______________________. During the winter of __________________, half the colonists __________________________.
-Conditions ________________ in the spring of ______________. A local _________________________ gave the Pilgrims some _______________, and _____________ Native American, _________________, brought them native ______________-_________________, __________________, and ______________________- and showed them how to ___________ them.
-In the fall of _____________, the _________________ set aside a day to give _________________ for their _________________________. Today’s _____________________ holiday celebrates that ____________________.
Section 2: The New England Colonies
I. Geography of New England
-New England is in the _____________________________ of the United States. _________________________, _______________________, and _________________________________ make up southern New England. _________________________, _____________________________, and _____________________________ make up the northern part.
-The _________________________ River, the region’s longest river, flows from _______________________ and ______________________ through __________________________ and ________________________ before reaching the sea. Some of the ___________________________________ in the world are in New England.
-Winters in New England tend to be ____________________________. Summers are ________________________. Because of this, early colonists in the region caught __________________________ and _____________________________________ than the colonists in Virginia.
II. Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
-Similar to the _____________________________, a group known as the ___________________ had disagreements with the __________________. Rather than ______________________ from the established church, they wanted ______________________.
-In the 1620s, ____________________________ opposed their movement and ________________________. Consequently, a number of __________ left England and _____________ to _________________________________.
-In 1630, about _________________________ set off in ______________ ships. They had formed the _____________________________________, which had received a __________________ to establish _______________ in what are now ________________________ and __________________. The __________________ were led by ____________________________, a respected landowner and _____________________.
-In a sermon, John Winthrop said, “We must that we be as a
__________________________________________.” He meant that the Puritans must _________________________________________ if they hoped to set an ______________________________________ for others to ____________________________,
-The main ___________________ town was __________________, which was located on an excellent ________________________. By 1643, about _________________ people lived in the ___________________________.
-By the mid-1630s, ______________________ had an ________________ assembly, the ______________________. Voting was limited to adult male members of the __________________. Both the ____________________ and the colony’s ___________________ were ______________ each year.
III. New Colonies
-Disagreements about ___________________ led to the founding of other ___________________________________________________.
-____________________________, a minister of a church in the town of _________________, believed the ______________________ should split __________________ from the ___________________. He also specified that colonists should _____________ Native Americans _______________.
-___________________ was forced to leave ________________________ in 1635. He moved to what is now ________________________ where he _____________________ land from ___________________________ and ___________________ the town of ___________________________.
-In 1644, colonists in ____________________ received a ______________ from the ______________ to govern _________________________. They decided that ______________________ would have no _______________ ______________________. People of all ______________________ could ______________________________ as they saw fit.
-In 1638, a _____________ woman named ________________________ questioned some of the ___________________ teachings. She was put on __________________ and __________________ from Massachusetts. She established a ______________________ on an island that is now a part of __________________________________________.
-Thomas Hooker, a ________________, also ___________________ with __________________ leaders. He left Massachusetts with about _______ followers in _________ and founded the town of ____________________.
-In 1639, the colonists drew up the ________________________________ which established a new ____________________________ with an elected ______________________ and ___________________________.
-Since the United States _______________________ was based, in part, on the _______________________________, Connecticut was called the “_____________________________.”
-_____________________________ was also forced to leave Massachusetts because he agreed with some of ______________________ ________________________________. In 1638, ____________________ and some followers ___________________________________ the town of ______________________________________________________.
IV. Growth and Change
-The ______________________ believed that towns and churches should ____________________________________ and that people should work ________________ and live in __________________________________.
-In each Puritan town, an ________________ of townspeople made ______________ and ________________ concerning the _____________________ of the town. In these town meetings, they ____________________________ officials and ________________ local laws. They also set ____________________ and spent money on _____________________ and _______________________________.
-Voting in town meetings was ______________ to _______________ who _____________________________________ and were in good __________________ with the town ____________________.
-Because the New England colonies were ______________________ from ________________, it was very _____________________ for the _________________ to govern them. As a result, New _____________ were able to __________________ their own ____________________ and _______________ many of their own ______________ without the ______________________________.
-New England families _________________ their ____________________ in many different ways. Farmers grew ______________ and made leather ______________ and other _______________. Fishers caught _________ and other ______________ that were shipped to ____________________ in _________________. A ________________________________ industry provided many jobs.
-By the 1670s, the Native American population ______________________ mainly because large _______________ of them had died from _________ that they caught from _____________________. By 1670, there were only ______________ Native Americans in New England, _______________ of their population _____________ years ________________.
-In 1675, a major _____________ erupted. ________________ of England were led by _______________________, the chief of the _____________, who was also known by his English name, __________________________.
-__________________ goal was to _____________ the ______________ __________________. Other Native American groups from ___________ to ___________________ joined the ______________, some siding with the _______________________________.
-The fighting lasted a ___________ and cost ________________ of lives. ________________ and his allies destroyed _______ English __________. The uprising ended in ___________ when _________________ was killed.
*-As a result of King Philip’s War, about ___________ Native Americans were _____________, and Native Amercans in the ___________ were nearly _______________________. Also, any __________________ between the colonists and Native Americans ____________________.
-The war’s end left the _____________ colonies free to _______________.
-As a new _____________________________ was born in North America, the _______________________________________ of the original settlers had ______________________________ over the people who lived there.
QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER THOUGHT
What important contribution did Rhode Island make to religious toleration?
Who were Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, John Wheelwright, and Thomas Hooker? What did they do?